Required Prerequisites:

TCP/IP Networking

Follow-on Course:

CIPTV1 - Implementing Cisco IP Telephony and Video Part 1 v1.0

Outline

1. Packetizing Voice

• Telephony Architecture
  
• Introduction to the VoIP Standards
  
• Connecting VoIP to PSTN
  
• Traffic Engineering
  
• PSTN to VoIP Using Magic
  
• Voice Digitization
  
• Companding Mu-Law vs. A-Law
  
• Time Division Circuit Switching
  
• Voice Packet
  
• The 20-Millisecond Voice Packet
  
• The 60-Millisecond Voice Packet
  
• The Voice Packet Header
  
• Other Voice Packet Sample Sizes
  
• Voice Packet Analysis
  
• Voice Packet Analysis: Other Voice Packet Sample Sizes
  
• QoS Overview
  
• Latency
  
• Packet Loss
  
• Jitter
  
• Controlling Delay
  
• Sources of Delay
  
• The First Voice Packet
  
• The Second Voice Packet
  
• The Third Voice Packet
  
• Jitter Buffer Under Perfect Conditions
  
• An Adaptive Jitter Buffer
  

2. SIP Trunking

• The Legacy Circuit Switch
  
• VoIP Phases
  
• VoIP Phase 1: LAN Connect the Line Side
  
• VoIP Phase 2: Decompose the Switch Cabinet
  
• VoIP Phase 3: Shrink the MGs and Add Survivability
  
• VoIP Phase 4: Add SIP Trunking
  
• VoIP Phase 5: Eliminate the Old MGs
  
• VoIP Phase 6: Add EMUN
  
• VoIP Phase 7: Mass Acceptance of SIP Trunking with ENUM?
  
• SIP Trunking Costs
  
• Other Means of Connection
  
• The "Old PBXcan do SIP Trunking if the Vendor Offers the Software
  
• SIP Trunking Protocols
  
• Peer-to-Peer RTP
  
• Hairpin RTP
  
• Disadvantages and Advantages of SIP Trunking
  
• Disadvantages
  
• Advantages
  
• ITSPs
  
• SIP Trunking Examples
  
• SIP Trunk Outbound Call
  
• Public VoIP
  

3. VoIP in the LAN

• IP and Ethernet
  
• A Sample Ethernet Switched Network
  
• MAC Addresses
  
• IP MAC Address Learning
  
• Unknown Destination MAC Addresses
  
• Flood the Broadcast
  
• Response to Flooded Packet
  
• Learning Port Information
  
• Switching
  
• MAC Table Aging
  
• Ethernet Communications Limits
  
• Virtual LANs
  
• VLAN Trunk
  
• VLAN Tags
  
• Untagged Frames
  
• Port-Based VLANs
  
• Broadcast Frame in VLAN 10
  
• VLAN Trunking for VoIP Phones
  
• IEEE 802.3af Device Detection
  
• IEEE 802.3af Power Classifications
  
• QoS at Layer 2
  
• VLAN Tagging Process
  
• IEEE 802.1q Frame Tagging
  

4. IP Networking

• One-Way vs. Both-Way Routing
  
• Static Routing
  
• Subnet Masks and Routing
  
• Routing and Switching
  
• Routing Protocols
  
• Distance Vector Routing
  
• Link-State Routing
  

5. TCP/IP Review

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) vs. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
  
• Connection-Oriented Protocol (TCP)
  
• TCP/IP Packet Format and Operation
  
• Connectionless Protocols (UDP)
  
• UDP Packet
  
• DNS
  
• Basic Method of DNS
  

6. Dial Plan Essentials

• Dial Plan Example
  
• Digit Map
  
• Enbloc vs. Overlap
  
• Common Modifications to REGEX
  
• Symbols
  
• Regular Expressions
  
• Metacharacters
  
• Matching
  
• Normalization Examples
  

7. SIP-Related IP Services

• DHCP Option for SIP
  
• DHCP Discover
  
• DHCP Offer
  
• Root-Level Domain Registration
  
• Basic Method of DNS
  
• Why Start with ENUM?
  
• ENUM: NAPTR Query
  
• ENUM: NAPTR Response
  
• Locating SIP Servers: An Example
  
• NAPTR Response
  
• SRV Query
  
• SRV Response
  
• A Record Query
  
• Regular Expressions
  
• The Metacharacters
  

8. Voice Compression

• Voice Compression Hardware
  
• ASICs
  
• DSPs
  
• Mean Opinion Scores
  
• Codecs
  
• G.711, G.723.1, G.726
  
• G.728 and G.729
  
• Voice Compression
  
• Formants
  
• The Predictor
  
• PCM Sampling
  
• Voice Compression Algorithms
  
• ADPCM Compression
  
• Vocoder
  
• G.729 Example
  
• Codec Comparison Exercise
  
• Zero Packet Loss
  
• Ten Percent Packet Loss
  
• Twenty Percent Packet Loss
  
• T.38 Fax Spoofing
  
• Call Setup
  
• Discovering the Fax Tone
  
• T.30 Negotiation
  
• Shifting to 9.6 Kbps
  
• T.38 Phase
  

9. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

• RTP Architecture
  
• RTP and RTP Control Protocol
  
• Encapsulating the Voice Packet
  
• RTP Ports
  
• RTP Profile
  
• Payload Types
  
• Mapping Payload Type to Codec Type
  
• How H.323 Identifies the Payload Type
  
• NTP vs. RTP Timestamp
  
• RTP Timestamps
  
• RTP Timestamps and Silence Suppression
  
• RTP Timestamps and Jitter Calculation
  
• Controlling Jitter
  
• Jitter Buffer Delay
  
• Mixers
  
• Synchronization Source
  
• Conference Bridge Adds CSRC
  
• RTP Header
  
• UDP Packet with RTP Header and Voice
  
• Required Fields
  
• Version
  
• Padding Bit
  
• Extension Bit
  
• CSRC
  
• Market Bit
  
• Payload Type
  
• Sequence Number
  
• Timestamp
  
• SSRC
  
• The Format-Specific Parameter (fmtp) Attribute
  
• RFC 2833 Example: A Dialing Event
  
• Transmitter Processing
  
• Receiver Processing
  
• Controlling Serialization Delay
  
• Perfect Candidate for LFI and RTP Header Compression
  
• RTP Header Compression Process (RFC 2508)
  
• RTP Header Compression Format
  
• RTCP
  
• RTCP QoS: Round-Trip Delay Calculation
  
• Sender Reports
  
• Receiver Reports
  
• Source Descriptions
  
• Source Description Items
  
• Other RTCP Packets
  

10. SIP Architecture

• SIP User Agents
  
• SIP Requests (Methods)
  
• SIP Response Codes
  
• SIP Proxy
  
• SIP Back-to-Back UA
  
• Session Border Controller
  
• Forking Proxy
  
• SIP Redirect Proxy
  
• Global SIP Architecture
  
• Overview of Operation
  
• Classic SIP Trapezoid
  
• INVITE Request
  
• Session Description Protocol
  
• Proxy Function
  
• 180 Response
  
• 200 Final Response
  
• BYE
  
• INVITE and ACK
  
• SIP Functional Stack
  
• SIP Core Documents and Extensions
  

11. SIP Call Flow Examples

• SIP Call Analysis
  
• SIP Registration with Authentication
  
• SIP Call without INVITE Authentication
  
• The 100rel Process
  
• Busy Number
  
• Abandoned Call (Cancel)
  
• SIP Redirect (Call Forward)
  
• Call Transfer
  
• E&M Tie Trunk
  
• See a Problem?
  
• Solution: SIP 183 Response
  

12. Session Description Protocol

• Session Description Protocol
  
• v= Header
  
• o= Header
  
• s= Header
  
• c= Header
  
• t= Header
  
• m= Header
  
• a= Header
  
• Offer/Answer Model
  
• Offer/Answer: Example 1
  
• Offer/Answer: Example 2
  
• SDP Offer/Answer Rules
  
• UPDATE Method
  
• RTP SEND and RECV Defined
  
• Media Direction and RTCP
  
• How RTCP Works
  
• Placing a Call on HOLD
  

13. SIP NAT Traversal

• SIP NAT Traversal
  
• One-Way Voice Results
  
• Full Cone NAT
  
• IP Address Restricted NAT
  
• Port Restricted NAT
  
• Symmetric NAT
  
• Simple Traversal of UDP through NATs
  
• Traversal Using Relay NAT
  
• NAT with Embedded SIP Proxy
  
• Public VoIP Example
  

14. Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)

• Protocol Comparison
  
• MGCP Call Model
  
• Hairpin Call Example
  
• Defined Endpoints
  
• MGCP Commands
  
• MGCP Syntax Example
  
• Return Codes
  
• Return Code Table
  
• Parameter Lines
  
• DTMF Package
  
• Line Package
  
• Digit Maps
  
• MGCP Trace Procedure
  
• MGCP Trace (Steps 1-8)
  
• MGCP Trace (Steps 9-14)
  
• MGCP Trace (Steps 15-22)
  
• MGCP Trace (Steps 23-28)
  
• MGCP Established Call
  
• MGCP Trace (Steps 29-36)
  
• MGCP Trace (Steps 37-40)
  

15. Queuing

• CoS vs. QoS
  
• Leaky Bucket
  
• First In, First Out
  
• Type Classification
  
• Session ID Classification (Fair Queuing)
  
• Dequeuing
  

16. QoS-Related Protocol

• Sources of Delay
  
• Packetization Delay
  
• Algorithmic Delay (Look Ahead)
  
• Coder Processing Delay (Think Time)
  
• Queuing Delay
  
• Serialization Delay
  
• Low-Speed Link
  
• How 56-Kbps Links Cause Jitter
  
• Upgrade to T1/E1 and Prioritize Voice
  
• QoS Technology Solutions: Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
  
• Supporting a VoIP Call with DiffServ
  
• ToS Field
  
• DiffServ Process at the Edge Router
  
• DiffServ Process in the Core
  
• DiffServ Highlights
  
• Traffic Engineering: An Art Form
  
• Measuring Engineering
  
• Grade of Service
  
• Appendix A: Glossary
  
• Appendix B: H.323
  

Labs

Lab 1: Install the Network Hardware

Lab 2: Configure PC, Router, and Switch

Lab 3: Calling without a SIP Proxy

Lab 4: Registering with a CORE Proxy

Lab 5: VoIP Islands: Part 1